CASPER allows the user to design,
visualize, and save Cassini observations. These observations are
individually called "Modules." CASPER will now (new to Version 3.7)
simulate the Cassini on-board Inertial Vector Propagation (IVP) capabilities
which allow modules to be defined relative to a moving target, such as
Titan, or a point in Saturn's atmosphere. The modules with "_IVP"
as the suffix allow for this capability, while most others are defined
and computed relative to inertial space. Some, such as BODMOS and
PSCAN, track the target body. Here is an example of the discrepancy:
a GENMOSAB module (simple start-stop box mosaic) in CASPER will always
be performed with fixed scan and step sizes relative to inertial space.
A GENMOSAB module performed by Cassini can be specified relative to, for
example, the center of Saturn. While the scan and step sizes of the
mosaic are fixed in inertail space, they take place on top of a tracking
turn which tracks Saturn as seen by Cassini. The actual turns performed
by the spacecraft are not fixed, because IVP is tracking the body, whose
relative motion is in general non-linear. In cases where the spacecraft
is close to the target body, this will result in CASPER displaying an observation
that is very different from that request. At larger distances, the
discrepancy is small. These inertial modules in CASPER do, however,
pass the user's requested module parameters to be saved in a CASPER Output
File where they can be used by subsequent ground software packages.
Thus, if a user requests a 2 by 2 mosaic of Titan, CASPER will display
a mosaic that does not include the IVP target motion compensation and which
will be worse than the observation that Cassini is capable of achieving.
The output from that CASPER module will, however, include the module parameters
which can be used to construct a sequence for Cassini that will use IVP
and track the target. The IVP versions of modules in CASPER do simulate
the target tracking turn as well as the module parameter turns, and will
display the observation as the spacecraft will perform it.
To get an accurate time and pointing profile, however, you must take the
CASPER output and run it through PDT which calls KPT, the actual spacecraft
kinematic predictor tool.
To design a module in CASPER, either in Target or Skymap, open the Module
Selection Widget by clicking on the shortcut button (schematic of 3x2 mosaic)
or selecting Modules under the Sequence Design-Mosaic Tools
menu.
The Module selection widget allows the user to select the Module that
they wish to add to the current plot.
-
Module Group: Use this droplist to select the type of module group
you are interested in. The list of modules will be updated to reflect the
module group selection.
-
Modules: Select the module that you wish to use. Only one module
may be selected.
-
Message Area: Displays various information messages.
-
Generic: Creates the module widget for the selected
module.
-
Predefined: Brings up a list of available templates based on the
currently selected module, which then creates the relevant module
widget with various items already specified.
-
Description: Displays a brief description of the selected module
in the message area.
-
Cancel: Destroys this widget
-
Help: Provides a description of the operation of this widget.
-
Module Widget
-
There are different module widgets for each type of module, but they share
many elements in common. See the Mosaic Definitions below for more
detail on each type.
-
Observation Name: Name of the mosaic.
-
Module Type: Name of the module that the mosaic is based on. If
you selected GENERIC then this will be the same as the observation name.
-
Instrument: Use the Select Instrument button to select the
instrument that you will use for this observation. This specifies the FOV
to be used for calculating overlaps and also specifies the instrument boresight
to be used for pointing. NOTE: Currently the ORS boresight is used no matter
what instrument is picked!
-
User Specifies: Use this droplist to select the items that you wish
to specify for the mosaic. Any other values will be calculated for you
by CASPER.
-
Coverage Selection: Use this droplist to select the means you wish
to use for specifying the start and/or end points of a mosaic. NOTE: some
User Specifies choices require only a start point. Some options will allow
you to draw a rubber band box on the screen to show approximate coverage.
The direction of this box drawing is the direction of the creation of the
module. If no end point is required, a line is drawn instead of a box to
show direction of mosaic creation. The length of the line is not related
to the eventual coverage.
-
Number of Scans: If active, this text widget allows you to enter
the number of scans in the mosaic
-
Footprints per scan: If active, this text widget allows you to enter
the number of footprints per scan in the mosaic.
-
Percentage Scan Overlap: If active, this widget allows you to enter
the % overlap for your selected instrument FOV in the scan direction.
-
Percentage Footprint Overlap: If active, this widget allows you
to enter the % overlap for your selected instrument FOV in the direction
perpendicular to the scan direction.
-
Scan axis: The spacecraft axis about which scanning occurs during
the module.
-
Dwell Time: Enter the time that each footprint will take.
-
Available time: The amount of time (entered in CASPER time format
and displayed in seconds) that is available to perform the observation.
CASPER will inform the user if the requested observational parameters take
longer than the available time. A value of 0 (default) means unlimited
time available.
-
Message Area: Shows informational messages.
-
Use (Make It So): Use the current entered details to create a mosaic
on the Target plot.
-
Save Module Parameters: This saves the entered parameters to a file
that can be reloaded later by clicking on the Predefined button
in the Module Section Widget.
-
Set Module Parameters: Opens the Module
Parameters widget.
-
Cancel: Close this window without creating a new mosaic. If Target
is waiting for you to draw an area coverage box, this option will also
stop that process.
Mosaic Definitions
Mosaics and Scans
-
GENMOSA: All GENMOSA observations involve scanning and repositioning
the ORS (-Y s/c) axis to make a mosaic. The scans alternate direction
and are of equal length. The boresight is always the -Y axis for
this module. Use GENMOSAB_IVP to create a GENMOSA module.
-
GENMOSB: All GENMOSB observations involve scanning and repositioning
the ORS (-Y s/c) axis to make a mosaic. The scans are always in the
same direction and are of equal length. The spacecraft repositions
around the x and z axes at the end of each scan. The boresight is
always the -Y axis for this module. Use GENMOSAB_IVP to create a GENMOSB
module.
-
GENMOSAB: This type of mosaic is a combination of Genmosa
and Genmosb. Choosing reposition in this mosaic will cause it to
act like a genmosa, and choosing flyback will cause it to work like a genmosb.
-
GENMOSAB_IVP: All GENMOSAB_IVP observations involve scanning
and repositioning the ORS (-Y s/c) axis to make a mosaic. The scans
may alternate direction or be in the same direction and are of equal length.
This modules allows the user to specify target tracking in the same way
Cassini will use Intertial Vector Propogation (IVP) to track its targets.
-
GENMOSC: All GENMOSC observations involve scanning and repositioning
the ORS (-Y s/c) axis to make a mosaic. The scans alternate directions,
and are continuous. GENMOSC is just like GENMOSA, but there are no
pauses during the scans to take images. The boresight is always the
-Y axis for this module. Use GENMOSCD_IVP to create a GENMOSC module.
-
GENMOSD: All GENMOSD observations involve scanning and repositioning
the ORS(-Y s/c) axis to make a mosaic. The scans are always in the
same direction, and are continuous. GENMOSD is just like GENMOSB,
but there are no pauses during the scans to take images. The boresight
is always the -Y axis for this module. Use GENMOSCD_IVP to create
a GENMOSD module.
-
GENMOSCD: This type of mosaic is a combination of genmosc
and genmosd. Choosing reposition in this mosaic causes it to act
like a genmosc, and choosing flyback causes it to work like a genmosd.
-
GENMOSCD_IVP: This type of mosaic is much like GENMOSCD except
that it allows the user to specify target tracking in the same way Cassini
will use IVP to track its targets.
-
GENMOSP: All GENMOSP observations involve scanning and repositioning
the ORS (-Y s/c) axis to make a mosaic. The scans alternate directions,
like in GENMOSA, but the scans may be interrupted by one or more regularly
spaced pauses. The boresight is always the -Y axis for this module.
-
BODMOS: All BODMOS observations are essentially the same as
GENMOSA observations, except that BODMOS performs target body tracking.
Target Scans
-
ORSOCC: ORSOCC observations are made by pointing the selected
S/C axis in a specified direction in inertial space (no target tracking)
and staring for a specified period of time. Any S/C instrument boresight
may be used with this module; it is not restricted to Optical Remote Sensing
(ORS) intruments.
-
TARGET_IVP: TARGET_IVP observations are made by pointing the
selected S/C axis at a specified target and staring at it for a specified
period of time. Any instrument boresight may be used with this module.
For intertial targets, use the ORSOCC module.
Polynomial Scans
-
RINGPSCAN: All RINGPSCAN observations are created by drawing
a path on a polar plot of the ring plane. The path is drawn using
the FOV on Rings tool. The user can add, insert, or delete points
while creating the polynomial path. An instrument aperture must always
be selected to use this module.
-
BODPSCAN: All BODPSCAN observations are created by drawing
a path on a latitude/longitude map of the target body. The path is
drawn using the FOV on Map tool. The user can add, insert, or delete
points while creating the polynomial path. An instrument aperture
must always be selected to use this module.
Radar
-
RCROSS: All RCROSS observations are made by pointing the S/C
-Z axis at the target, then performing six scans in the following order:
X, -2X, X, Y, -2Y, Y, where X and Y are the arm lengths of the cross expressed
as angles rotated around the X and Y axes of the S/C, respectively.
The boresight is always the -Z axis for this module.
-
GENMOSR: All GENMOSR observations involve scanning and repositioning
the Radar (S/C -Z) axis to make a mosaic. GENMOSR is exactly like
GENMOSCD except that the pointing is with the -Z axis instead of the -Y
axis.
-
GENMOSR_IVP: This type of mosaic is much like GENMOSR except
that it allows the user to specify target tracking in the same way Cassini
will use IVP to track its targets.
MAPS
-
DOWNLINK: All DOWNLINK observations involve a number of FOV's
equally plotted around the -Z axis, the high gain antenna that always points
towards the earth.
-
MAPSPA: Point any instrument at an inertial target and spin
around that instrument axis.
-
MAPSPA_IVP: Point any instrument at a non-inertial target
and track that target while spinning around that instrument axis.