The Role of Time-Varying Meridional Flow Pattern During Past 20 Years in Influencing Upcoming Solar Cycle Features

Authors: Mausumi Dikpati, Peter A. Gilman, Giuliana de Toma; Thierry Corbard; Edward J. Rhodes; Deborah A. Haber; Richard S. Bogart; Perry J. Rose
Affiliation: National Center for Atmospheric Research, High Altitude Observatory; Observatorie de la Cote d'Azur; University of Southern California; JILA, University of Colorado; Stanford University; University of Southern California

Given the success of a recently built flux-transport dynamo-based scheme (ApJ, 2004, 601, 1136) in reproducing observed polar field features in cycle 23 including a) why the polar reversal was unusually slow, b) why the polar field build-up was slow after the reversal and c) why the N-pole reversed a year before the S-pole, we apply this scheme to predict some features of solar cycle 24. It has already been shown (ApJ 2000, 543, 1027) that the duration of the Sun's memory of its own magnetic field is primarily governed by the meridional flow speed in flux-transport dynamos, and is no less than two solar cycles. Therefore, observations of the Sun's magnetic field patterns at least over the past two cycles, and dynamical changes in the Sun's large-scale mass-flow in which the solar magnetic fields are partially frozen, should play important roles in determining certain features in the upcoming solar cycle. We first theoretically demonstrate how the surface magnetic fields would differ when the dynamo-generated magnetic fields evolve in differing meridional flows, including acceleration, deceleration, and N-S asymmetry in the flow-pattern. We then discuss using the MWO helioseismic archive for extracting the observed changes in meridional flow over the past 20 years. By incorporating this long-term dynamical variation in flow-pattern in our prediction model, if we can tune the model to successfully reproduce various "anomalies" in solar cycle 23, we can attempt an early prediction for solar cycle 24.
We acknowledge support from NASA through awards W-10107 and W-10175. National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by National Science Foundation.