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\chapter{8}

\title[Lessons from Shoemaker-Levy 9]
{Lessons from Shoemaker-Levy 9 \\
about Jupiter and Planetary Impacts}

\author[Harrington {\em et al.}]
{Joseph Harrington\\
Cornell University
\and
Imke de Pater\\
University of California, Berkeley
\and
Stephen H.\ Brecht\\
Bay Area Research Corporations
\and
Drake Deming\\
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
\and
Victoria Meadows\\
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
\and
Kevin Zahnle\\
NASA Ames Research Center
\and
Philip D.\ Nicholson\\
Cornell University
\and
\\
Dedicated to the memory of Eugene Merle Shoemaker (1928--1997).}

\begin{document}

\section{Tables from Chapter 8 of Jupiter: Planet, Satellites, and
  Magnetosphere, and Table References}

\suppressfloats
\begin{table}
{\scriptsize
\begin{lrbox}{\tbox}
\hspace{-1.667em}\atabon\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccc@{}}
\hline
Phase            & Duration      & Scale      & Velocity & Temperature  \\
                 &               & (km)       & (km/s)   &     (K)      \\
\hline
Impact           & 5 seconds     & few\by 100 &   60     & 100--40,000+ \\
Blowout          & few\by 10 min & few\by 100 &   60     & 100--40,000  \\
Plume flight     & 20 min        &     20,000 &   12     &   8000--10   \\
Plume splash     & few hours     &     20,000 &   12     &  100--3500   \\
Dissipation      & 10--300 years &     global &    0.2   &   \sim100    \\
\hline
\end{tabular}\ataboff
\end{lrbox}
\begin{minipage}{\wd\tbox}
\caption{\label{phasestab} SL9 Event Phases}
\usebox{\tbox}
After \citet{hardsl9bmcpapj}.
\scomment{\rule{\wd\tbox}{1ex}}
\end{minipage}
}
\end{table}

\begin{table*}
\begin{lrbox}{\tbox}
\hspace{-1.667em}\atabon\begin{tabular}{@{}llrrrclll@{}}
\hline
Species        & Event       & Mass         & Pressure         & Temperature & R/O & Source(s)      & Comments                     & Ref.    \\
               &             & (g)          & (mbar)           & (K)         &     &                &                              &         \\
\hline
CO             & K           & 1.5(14)      & \lt  0.1         &             & all & comet          & cools quickly                & L97     \\
               & R           &              &                  &  \gt 2000   &     &                &                              & Kn97    \\
               & R           &              &                  & 2000--5000  &     &                &  8\lt \math{t}\lt 14 min     & Ki99    \\
               & G           & 0.5--2(14)   &                  &             &     &                &                              & M01     \\
               & C, K        &              &                  &             &     &                & 13\lt \math{t}\lt 25 min     & AAT     \\
               & total       & 7.5(14)      & \lt  0.1         &             &     &                & scaled from K                & L97     \\
H\sb{2}O       & G           & 3--10(12)    & \lt 10\d\n\strut & 1000        & O   & comet          & Temp: \math{t}=14 min        & Bj96    \\
               &             &              &                  &             &     &                & Mass: \math{t}=40 min        & Bj96    \\
               & G           & 0.6--2.8(12) &                  &             &     &                & lower limits                 & E97     \\
               & R           & 0.1--1.3(12) &                  &             &     &                & lower limits                 & E97     \\
               & C, K        &              &                  & 700         &     &                & cools quickly                & AAT     \\
               & total       & 5(13)        & \lt  1\d\n\strut &             &     &                & \math{t}\gt 3 years          & L02     \\
CO\sb{2}       & G, R        & \lt 5(11)    &                  &             & O   & comet          & \math{t}=9 min, upper limit  & E97     \\
               & total       & \leq 4(12)   & \lt  0.1         &             &     &                & \math{t} = 0, inferred       & L02     \\
               & total       & 1.4(13)      & \lt  1\d\n\strut &             &     & CO+H\sb{2}O+h\math{\nu} & \math{t}\gt 3 years & L02     \\
S\sb{2}        & G           & 4(10)        & \lt  0.1         & 1200        & N   & comet?         & disappears in days           & Y96     \\
               & total?      & 7(11)        &                  &             &     &                & review                       & L96     \\
CS\sb{2}       & G           & 1.5(11)      &  1--10\d\n\strut &             & R   & Jupiter?       & review                       & L96     \\
               & G           & 1 (11)       & \lt  0.1         &             &     &                &                              & Y96     \\
CS             & G, S        & \gt 9(9)     &                  &             & R   & Jupiter, comet & UV, \math{t}=45 min, 3 days  & L96     \\
               & K           & 5(11)        & \lt  1\d\n\strut &             &     &                & mm wavelengths               & L96     \\
               & K           & 0.4--1.7(12) & \lt  1\d\n\strut &             &     &                &                              & M01     \\
               & Q, R, S     & 0.9--2.5(12) & \lt  1\d\n\strut &             &     &                &                              & M01     \\
COS            & W, K        & 3(12)        & \lt  1\d\n\strut &             & N   & comet          & one detection                & L96     \\
H\sb{2}S       & G           & \lt 3(12)    & 5--100\d\n\strut &             & R   & air            & detection disputed           & L96     \\
HCN            & G           & 1(12)        & \lt  0.1         &             & R   & Jupiter, comet &                              & L96     \\
               & K           & 7(11)        &                  &             &     &                &                              & L96     \\
               & E           & 6(11)        & \lt  0.1         &             &     &                &                              & L96     \\
               & K, W        & 2(12)        &                  &             &     &                &                              & Be97b   \\
               & L, G        & 5(12)        &                  &             &     &                &                              & Be97b   \\
               & G, Q, R, S  & 4(12)        &                  &             &     &                &                              & Be97b   \\
               & E           & 1(12)        &                  &             &     &                &                              & Be97b   \\
               & H           & 4.5(11)      &                  &             &     &                &                              & Be97b   \\
               & total       & 1.1(13)      &                  &             &     &                &                              & Be97b   \\
N\sb{2}        &             & --           &                  &             & all &                & undetectable                 &         \\
NH\sb{3}       & C, K        &              &                  & \lt 1500    & R   & air            & \math{t}\lt 13 min           & AAT     \\
               & K           & 2(13)        &  1--20\d\n\strut &             &     &                & 1--12 days, spreading        & G97     \\
               & total       & 1.5(14)      &                  &             &     &                & \math{t}=8+ days             & Be97a   \\
               & total       & \lt 4(12)    &                  &             &     &                & \math{t}=9 months            & Be97a   \\
               & Q1          & 1(12)        & \lt 10\d\n\strut &             &     &                & \math{t}=8+ days             & L96,K96 \\
               & G           & \gt 2(13)    & \lt 0.003        & 283         &     &                & \math{t}=1 day               & Fa02    \\
               & G           & \gt 1(13)    & \lt 0.2          & 204         &     &                & \math{t}=4 days              & Fa02    \\
CH\sb{4}       & many        & large        & many             &  750--1500  & R   & air            & hot CH\sb{4} seen            & L96,K96 \\
               & L           &              &  0.005           & \dt=80      &     &                & \math{t}=11 hrs              & Be97b   \\
               & L           &              &  1               & \dt=20      &     &                & \math{t}=11 hrs              & Be97b   \\
               & L           &              &  5               & \dt=10      &     &                & \math{t}=11 hrs              & Be97b   \\
C\sb{2}H\sb{2} & E           & \ll 3(13)    &  0.003           & 208, \dt=37 & R   & Jupiter        & excess emission detected     & Be97b   \\
               & K, W, Q1    &              &  0.003           & \dt\lt 13   &     &                & attributed to heating        & Be97b   \\
C\sb{2}H\sb{4} & K           & 3(12)        & \lt  0.1         &             & R   & Jupiter        & \gt 1000{\by} normal Jupiter & L96     \\
               & K           & 1(12)        &                  &             &     &                &                              & G97     \\
H\sb{2}        & C, K        &              & \lt  1\d\n\strut & \gt 2000    & R   & air            & 13\lt \math{t}\lt 40 min     & AAT     \\
PH\sb{3}       &             & ??           &      1\d\n\strut &             & R   & air            & reported                     & L96     \\
SO             &             & --           &                  &             & O   &                & not detected                 &         \\
SO\sb{2}       &             & --           &                  &             & O   &                & not detected                 &         \\
\multicolumn{9}{@{}l@{}}{
\parbox{\textwidth}{
Mass: a(b) = a\tttt{b},
R/O: R = reducing, O = oxidizing, N = neutral,
air     = unprocessed,
Jupiter = processed,
\dt = perturbation above normal for given pressure,
\math{t} = time after impact,
h\math{\nu} = photochemistry,
AAT   = \citet{meacbaatspseqinprep},
Be97a = \citet{BezardEtal1997icsl9nh3},
Be97b = \citet{bezgklissltric},
Bj96  = \citet{bjoshgpdh2ogksl9ic},
E97   = \citet{encdcbdh2ogtngpss},
Fa02  = \citet{FastEtal2002icsl9nh3},
G97   = \citet{gribgsl9svdic},
K96   = \citet{kosbersajsl9ic},
Ki99  = \citet{KimEtal1999ic},
Kn97  = \citet{knafgnirsrsl9ic},
L96   = \citet{lelciioiau},
L97   = \citet{lelbmbcojsl9pss},
L02   = \citet{lelbmdowvco2jsic},
M01   = \citet{MorenoEtal2001psssl9},
Y96   = \citet{yelmuvssl9ic}.
}} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}\ataboff
\end{lrbox}
\begin{minipage}{\wd\tbox}
\caption{\label{chemtab} Observed SL9 Chemical Products}
\usebox{\tbox}
\end{minipage}
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}
\begin{lrbox}{\tbox}
\hspace{-1.667em}\atabon\begin{tabular}{@{}llrrrclll@{}}
\hline
Event       & Mass         & Pressure         & Temperature & R/O & Source(s)      & Comments                                & Ref.    \\
            & (g)          & (mbar)           & (K)         &     &                &                                         &         \\
\hline
total       & 7(14)        & 1--200\d\n\strut &             &     &                & \math{r}=0.1--0.3 {\microns}            & W96     \\
silicate    & 3(14)        & 1--200\d\n\strut &             & all & comet          &                                         & W96     \\
K, silicate & 8(12)        & \lt 0.1          &             & all & comet          &                                         & G97     \\
organic     & 4(14)        & 1--200\d\n\strut &             & R   & comet, Jupiter & = total - silicate                      &         \\
R, silicate & 6(12)        & \lt 20\d\n\strut & 400         & all & comet          &                                         & N95     \\
E, H, L, R  &              &                  & 600         &     &                & color temperature                       & N96     \\
total       & 1(15)        & \lt 20\d\n\strut &             &     &                & \math{r}=0.25 {\microns}                & Ba96    \\
R           & 1--5(12)     &                  &             &     &                & silicates, \math{r}=0.1 {\microns}      & WS97    \\
generic     & 0.8--8(13)   &                  &             &     &                & organics,                               & WS97    \\
big rings   & 1(10)        &                  &             &     &                &                                         & WS97    \\
H           &              &                  &             &     &                & \math{t}=2 hr, \math{r}=0.15 {\microns} & M97     \\
\m core     &              & 300-450          &             &     &                &                                         & M97     \\
\m crescent &              &   1-450          &             &     &                &                                         & M97     \\
G           &              &                  &             &     &                & \math{t}=13 hr, \math{r}=0.2 {\microns} & M97     \\
E, H        &              &                  &             &     & comet          & \math{r}=0.05 {\microns}                & Be97    \\
E, H        &              &                  &             &     &                & H 4{\by} dustier than E                 & Be97    \\
total       & 1(15)        &                  &             &     &                & scaled from E \& H                      &         \\
\multicolumn{9}{@{}l@{}}{
\parbox{5.9 in}{
Mass: a(b) = a\tttt{b},
R/O: R = reducing, O = oxidizing, N = neutral,
\math{r} = dust particle radii,
\math{t} = time after impact,
Ba96 = \citet{bangssjsaic},
Be97 = \citet{bezltrjtssl9ic},
G97  = \citet{gribgsl9svdic},
M97  = \citet{molmmadccslic},
N95  = \citet{nicghslrspgrl},
N96  = \citet{niceboipiau},
W96  = \citet{wespmjasl9iau},
WS97 = \citet{wilsnsomsl9ic}.
}} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}\ataboff
\end{lrbox}
\begin{minipage}{\wd\tbox}
\caption{\label{dusttab} Observed SL9 Dust}
\usebox{\tbox}
\end{minipage}
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}
\begin{lrbox}{\tbox}
\hspace{-1.667em}\atabon\begin{tabular}{@{}lr|rrr|rrl@{}}
\hline
Species        &    Observed & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Comet Fraction\sp{a}} & Best Guess\sp{b} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Air\sp{c}} & Comments       \\
               &    Amount   & 3%    & 20%   & Mixed Plume  & Wet   & Dry     &                                                  \\
               &     (g)     & (g)   & (g)   & (g)          & (g)   & (g)     &                                                  \\
\hline
CO             &     7.5(14) & 1(15) & 7(14) &     9(14)    & 2(14) & 6(10)   &                                                  \\
H\sb{2}O       &     5(13)   & -     & 2(14) &     1(14)    & 4(14) & 2(10)   &                                                  \\
CO\sb{2}       & \lt 4(12)   & -     & 3(11) &     2(11)    & 4(12) & -       &                                                  \\
S, S\sb{2},
     S\sb{8}   &     4(12)   & 1(11) & 3(13) &     2(13)   & 9(12) & 1.4(12) & elemental sulfur                                 \\
CS\sb{2}       &     1(12)   & 2(10) & -     &     1.4(11)  & 2(10) & 2(13)   & under-predicted?                                  \\
CS             &     2.5(12) & 1(14) & -     &     4(13)    & -     & 2(13)   & over-predicted                                    \\
COS            &     1.5(13) & 2(9)  & 4(10) &     9(10)    & 3(9)  & -       & under-predicted                                   \\
H\sb{2}S       & \lt 3(13)   &  -    & -     &     -        & 5(13) & 4(13)   & survives upwelling but does not survive in plume \\
HCN            &     1(13)   & 1(14) & -     &     3(13)    & 7(9)  & 4(13)   & does not seem to be a product of the comet       \\
N\sb{2}        &     -       & 1(14) & 9(13) &     1(14)    & 2(13) & 5(12)   &                                                  \\
NH\sb{3}       &     1(14)   & 1(9)  & 4(9)  & \gt 2(9)     & 3(13) & 2(13)   & survives upwelling but does not survive in plume \\
CH\sb{4}       &     ?       & 4(13) & -     & \gt 6(12)    & 8(13) & 1.6(14) & amounts of hot CH\sb{4} not reported             \\
C\sb{2}H\sb{4} &     5(12)   & 3(13) & -     &     5(12)    & 1(12) & 1(12)   & made in weakly shocked parts of fireball         \\
SO             &     -       & -     & 2(12) &     6(11)    & 3(8)  & -       & bad match to data                                \\
SO\sb{2}       &     -       & -     & 2(13) &     1(13)    & 2(13) & -       & does not match data                              \\
\hline
\end{tabular}\ataboff
\end{lrbox}
\begin{minipage}{\wd\tbox}
\caption{\label{chemmodtab} SL9 Chemical Model Results}
\usebox{\tbox}
\sp{a} Products from fireball models with given mass fraction of
comet {\em vs.} entrained air.\newline
\sp{b} Average of fireball models with comet fractions from 3-50\%\newline
\sp{c} Atmospheric re-entry models with 0% comet.\newline
\end{minipage}
\end{table*}

\nojoe{\bibliography{\bibfile}}

\end{document}

